Compare a product(beer) in two different brand Essay

Presentation So as to comprehend the reason and noteworthiness of the coordinated correspondence process, it is helpful to contrast with brand inside a similar item class. This report looks to give a comprehension of the adequacy on crusade techniques. In doing as such, an investigate of the differentiating innovative methodology and correspondence targets will be achieved. A knowledge on track market and market parceling approach comes into the extent of this report. Item Category The item class picked is food/drink item, particularly on lager item. The accompanying two brands are both from remote market, with high notoriety in Asian and Europe separately. Our Tiger Beer crusade was â€Å"Discover the tiger† sourced from The Face (February 2003) (See Appendix A). The contending brand for examination will be the â€Å"Reassuringly Expensive† battle from Stella Artois done by BBDO, which was an honor winning advertisement on a few promoting function. (See Appendix B) Correspondence Objectives Since Tiger Beer is new to Western market, the goal here essentially centers around brand attention to the objective client. Empowering customers who have never attempt our image to attempt it by utilizing an imaginative feature. In this sense, our image is advising objective clients the presence of our image, attempt to enter into the Western market. We expected to change the objective market’s picture of Asian brand and move customers through to buy. Indeed, Asian lager brand are once in a while promoted on Western nations magazines, Tiger Beer wish to separate itself from other remote contenders through the message â€Å"Discover the tiger†. Which accomplish a high mindfulness by leaving a question mark to the greater part of the peruser. The correspondence destinations for Stella Artois incorporate brand disposition and brand acknowledgment. As this lager has been available for quite a while, promoting has moved from brand attention to mark acknowledgment, it needs shoppers to connect the brand with their way of life. Stella Artois’s objective is to guarantee its excellent brew position in the market by coordinating the great quality lager with â€Å"well quality people†. Since they surely know their objective market’s need, the battle topic is to shape an inspirational disposition towards the brand. As should be obvious in the promotion, the correspondence message is point legitimately to a particular gathering and the thought is extraordinary sum contenders. In more circumstance, potential purchasers become mindful of more than one brand in a given item classification (Rossiter 1997). Consequently, Stella Artois has utilized a viable visual message on this battle to inspire watchers ’emotion and increment the level of purchasers in the objective market who partner explicit highlights or way of life with their image. Target showcase In view of the correspondence objective, plainly two notices have unmistakably unique objective markets. From the Tiger Beer notice, we can surmise that the objective market is involved youthful male between the ages of 18-25, because of the way that the ad was publicized in The Face. This magazine has a readership included overwhelmingly of youthful male between this age gathering. This gathering of individuals may have just known about Tiger Beer, and are searching for more affirmation from reference gathering. They are probably going to attempt new thing, social associations and nature of the brew are significant factors in the dynamic procedure. In a specific degree, this gathering is great brand switchers. Their mindfulness may change after some time and causes less-visit acquisition of our image, except if we can give a modestly good mentality towards the brand (Rossiter 1997). While Stella Artois was focused on brand acknowledgment, they have a built up client premise, which can be depicted as brand steadfast (Rossiter 1997). Theyâ have solid great disposition toward our image, they anticipate buying a top notch ale, which conveys quality and fulfillment. Stella Artois is essentially about quality, not value; consumers will follow through on an excellent cost for Stella Artois because of its responsibility to quality. Surely, Stella Artois is reasonable to them as they are in center or high-pay gathering. From the abovementioned, the accompanying table sums up and differentiates the objective markets qualities. Tiger Beer Stella Artois Age 18 25 or above Societal position Middle pay classAsian foundations Higher incomeHigher training level Buy conduct Brand exchanging Brand dependability Way of life Young irreverentSocial exercises Quality lifestyleStyle society Elements influenceDecision-production Reference groupFinancial statusCulture/social class SituationEmotionPast choice Market Positioning Clearly both organization have separated their brands from others in the brains of the objective market. It would be huge, as a connection should be set up between the brand benefits and the objective customer to make a positive brand picture according to contending brands. Both of the promotions have situating systems that attention on the purchaser as opposed to the contender. Ø Repositioning Tiger Beer embraces this system because of the ongoing acknowledgment by Westernâ countries and focusing on it to another market section. Since they have recently developed a decent notoriety in Asian nations with worth, quality and taste. Tiger Beer has decided to guide it’s promoting to more youthful who lean toward experience. Additionally, it was situated itself as a riddle Asian flavor rather than sportive and fervor picture with their game sponsorship crusade. (Burp and Belch 2001) Ø Positioning side-effect traits and picture Stella Artois is situated based on specific attributes that separate it from its rivals. The trademark â€Å"Reassuringly Expensive† has been utilized since the 80’s. The key advantage worried here is the quality, distinction picture and worth, which is the essential class requirement for a top notch brew. Such components are normally begun at the highest point of the parcels; Stella Artois was all around got ready for it’s clients to assess these components in their dynamic procedure. Imaginative Strategies and Tactics This includes a few components to draw out the focal message for the sponsor to accomplish their longing result. The more grounded the thought, the more powerful the promotion can convey to customers. As both of the organizations have balanced the correspondence goal to fit for target showcase, we can see that the two organizations have viable utilize their spending plan to move away from customary lager publicizing. Ø Advertising Appeals Both of the advertisements are utilizing an enthusiastic show up as a premise. For the Tiger Beer, we see an Asian lady in the focal point of the image. The lady takes a gander at the peruser of the promotion and holding a little lamp oil light, consuming. Close to her is a cart with a jug of Tiger Beer in the seat. The road was incredibly dim and quiet with some Chinese glim toward the finish of the road. The ad attempts to draw in the peruser with the idea of the mysterious and odd. (See informative supplement A) Stella Artois utilizes a leftover portion publicizing approach on their most recent battle. The crusade foundation is lavish, exquisite furniture, for example, a fashioner seat or a piano, which is being harmed with an opened top putting on it. The promotion has all the earmarks of being basic however difficult to comprehend, except if watchers of the advertisement have a few thoughts on the brand. For the objective market perspective, it was exceptionally connected with the Stella Artois brand picture. What's more, leave a solid interest to the watcher. (See index B) Ø Headlines and Visual components The Tiger Beer utilizing an inquiry in Chinese at the upper right hand corner to improve the Asian inclination. The significance of that heading is: â€Å"Do you have gut?† Which suggests that Tiger Beer is an Asian riddle to western nations, attempt this lager on the off chance that you are fearless enough. It would like to create an answer of â€Å"Yes, I do, I will attempt the beer.† Secondly, there is a sub-heading at the base of the advertisement: â€Å"Discover the tiger†. So what is the implication of this promotion? Right off the bat, it tells the peruser that when the individual beverages this brew, they will â€Å"discover the tiger†. There are a few indicative implications spoke to in it. It relies upon the view the peruser takes. For instance, we can accept that the lady speaks to the tiger. She is the one to seem solid, to control the circumstance. The dark hair and dark lipstick and dull eyes give her a magical and hazardous appearance. In ad dition, the substance of bid are of sexual nature, which is compelling in measuring the consideration of its objective market. Stella Artois keeps on utilizing the â€Å"Reassuringly Expensive† as sub-heading at the base of the promotion. The wording is little with respect to the end in the wake of perusing the visual components. Which urge the objective client to accept that Stella Artois is a decent quality brew, it is advantageous to open up the container on the edge of the furniture quickly without searching for the jug opener. This trademark can develop a reverberation with the intended interest group and has embraced over the entirety of its publicizing to fortify the discernment this is a top notch brew. The general picture was basic and clear, nothing else. It is sufficient to pass on a feeling of premium quality. (Paul Messaris 1997) Ø Advertising Media The two promotions were found in design magazines. As magazines have tight introduction levels, specialty magazine, for example, The Face and I-D have straightforwardly focused to the target group. By and large, a successful correspondence battle depends on financial plan. Tiger Beer has exchange off among reach and recurrence. For this situation, what Tiger Beer doing is contacting a couple of individuals a great deal of times. Tiger Beer has utilized a few promoting advance and spent a similar financial plan in just a single media, for example, magazine; subsequently, an a lot more modest number of individuals will be uncover

Obstetrics and Nurse free essay sample

At 0600 Jennie is brought to the Labor and Delivery triage territory by her sister. The customer gripes of a beating cerebral pain throughout the previous 12 hours unrelieved by acetaminophen (Tylenol), swollen hands and face for 2 days, and epigastric torment portrayed as awful indigestion. Her sister tells the medical caretaker, I felt like that when I had toxemia during my pregnancy. Affirmation evaluation by the medical caretaker uncovers: todays weight 182 pounds, T 99.1â ° F, P 76, R 22, BP 138/88, 4+ pitting edema, and 3+ protein in the pee. Pulse is standard, and lung sounds are clear. Profound ligament reflexes (DTRs) are 3+ biceps and triceps and 4+ patellar with 1 beat of lower leg clonus. The attendant applies the outside fetal screen, which shows a pattern fetal pulse of 130, missing changeability, positive for increasing velocities, no decelerations, and no compressions. The medical caretaker additionally plays out a vaginal assessment and finds that the cervix is 1 cm enlarged and half destroyed, with the fetal head at a - 2 station. We will compose a custom exposition test on Obstetrics and Nurse or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 1. In auditing Jennies history, the medical caretaker is right in inferring that Jennie is in risk of building up a hypertensive issue on account of her age (15). Which different factor(s) add to Jennies danger of creating preeclampsia? (Select all that apply.) A) Molar pregnancy and history of preeclampsia in past pregnancy. B) Familial history. C) History of beating cerebral pain, low financial status. D) Preexisting clinical or hereditary condition, similar to Factor V Leiden. E) Nulliparity 2. To precisely evaluate this customers condition, what data from the pre-birth record is generally significant for the medical attendant to acquire? A) Pattern and number of pre-birth visits. B) Prenatal pulse readings. C) Prepregnancy weight. D) Jennies Rh factor. Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia There is no conclusive reason for preeclampsia, yet the pathophysiology isâ distinct. The principle pathogenic factor is poor perfusion because of arteriolar vasospasm. Capacity in organs, for example, the placenta, liver, mind, and kidneys can be discouraged as much as 40 to 60%. As liquid moves out of the intravascular compartment, an abatement in plasma volume and ensuing increment in hematocrit is seen. The edema of preeclampsia is summed up. For all intents and purposes all organ frameworks are influenced by this sickness, and the mother and embryo endure expanding hazard as the ailment advances. Preeclampsia creates following 20 weeks incubation in a formerly normotensive lady. Raised circulatory strain is as often as possible the principal indication of preeclampsia. The customer likewise creates proteinuria. While not, at this point thought about a symptomatic estimation of preeclampsia, summed up edema of the face, hands, and mid-region that isn't receptive to 12 hours of bedrest is regularly present. Preeclampsia advances along a continuum from gentle to extreme preeclampsia, HELLP condition, or eclampsia. A customer may present to the work unit anyplace along that continuum. 3. What is the pathophysiology answerable for Jennies grievance of a beating cerebral pain and the raised DTRs? A) Cerebral edema. B) Increased perfusion to the cerebrum. C) Severe nervousness. D) Retinal arteriolar fits. Jennies sister is extremely worried about the growing (edema) in her sisters face and hands since it is by all accounts compounding quickly. She inquires as to whether the social insurance supplier will endorse a portion of those water pills (diuretics) to help dispose of the overabundance liquid. 4. Which reaction by the attendant is right? A) That is a generally excellent thought. I will transfer it to the human services supplier when I call. B) Im sorry, however it isn't the familys spot to make recommendations about clinical treatment. C) Let me disclose to you about the impact of diuretics on pregnancy. D) Have you by any possibility given your sister water pills that have a place with another person? Admission to the Labor and Delivery Unit At 0630 the medical caretaker calls to answer to the medicinal services supplier, who recommends the accompanying: confess to work and conveyance, bedrest with restroom benefits (BRP), IV D5LR at 125 ml/hr, oxytocin (Pitocin) 2 mu/min, CBC with platelets, thickening investigations, liver catalysts, science board, 24-hour pee assortment for protein and uric corrosive, ice chips just by mouth, nonstress test, hourly essential signs, and DTRs. 5. After the medical attendant builds up IV situation, she gathers a sack of D5LR for the oxytocin (Pitocin), which is accessible in 20 units in 1000 cc D5LR. The request from the human services supplier is oxytocin (Pitocin) 2 mu/min to enlarge work. Figure the accompanying dribble rate for the oxytocin (Pitocin). (Enter the numerical worth as it were. In the case of adjusting is required, round to the entire number.) 6. While the medical attendant is anticipating the lab results, which nursing mediation has the most elevated need? A) Teach Jennie the method of reasoning for bedrest. B) Monitor Jennie for indications of lack of hydration. C) Educate the customer about dietary limitations. D) Observe Jennie for CNS changes. 7. Which procedure should the attendant use while assessing Jennies circulatory strain while she is on bedrest? A) Have Jennie lay prostrate and take the pulse on the left arm. B) Have Jennie lie in a horizontal position and take the circulatory strain on the reliant arm. C) Have the customer sit in a seat at the bedside, and take the circulatory strain with her left arm at midsection level. D) Have Jennie stand quickly and take the circulatory strain on the correct arm. The medical caretaker plays out a nonstress test to assess fetal prosperity. 8. When playing out a nonstress test (NST), the medical attendant will survey for which parameters? An) Accelerations of the fetal pulse in light of fetal development. B) Late decelerations of the fetal pulse because of fetal development. C) Accelerations of the fetal pulse in light of uterine compressions. D) Late decelerations of the fetal pulse because of uterine constrictions. HELLP Syndrome At 0800, physical evaluation and labs uncover the accompanying: the customer is as yet grumbling of a cerebral pain however the epigastric torment has slightlyâ decreased. While the customer is resting in a left horizontal position, the essential signs are BP 146/94, P 75, R 18. Hyperreflexia proceeds with one beat of clonus. The gauge fetal pulse is 140 with moderate fluctuation and no decelerations. Since consummation of a receptive nonstress test, no further increasing velocities have happened. Lab results include: hemoglobin 13.1 g/dl, hematocrit 40.5 g/dl, platelets 120,000 mm3, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) marginally raised, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) typical for pregnancy, 0 burr cells on slide, coagulating reads typical for pregnancy. The medicinal services supplier determined Jennie to have preeclampsia instead of HELLP condition, a variation of extreme preeclampsia. 9. In the event that Jennie had HELLP condition, which lab results would the medical attendant anticipate that her should display? An) Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit (HH) without burr cells, raised liver chemicals, platelet tally 150,000 mm3. B) Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit (HH) with burr cells, raised liver catalysts, platelet check

Call For A Good Time

Call For A Good Time Once, a man whom we can only assume must have been truly desperate responded to a Craigslist personal ad which bore only a single coy statement, Call for a good time. He showed up at the requested meeting place, and was whisked off for a day of exhilarating, platonic adventure, culminating in skydiving. Needless to say, he had a good time. This story has grown near and dear to my heart in my lifelong quest to become the ultimate altruistic troll, but I bring it to you for a half-reasonable reason: this weekend reminded me of it. Several weekends ago, I was having dinner with some 08s who are now full-time techies in San Francisco, and one of them casually remarked, Oh, I saw Mitra the other day Allegedly, I frothed at the mouth and rasped, Mitra?? THE Mitra? (Mitra, for those of you who dont know, was the original admissions blogger, and predates Ben, who predates Chris, who pretends to be old. I witnessed her last year of blogging the year I started thinking about applying to MIT. (Sorry, Mitra.)) So after stalking cross-referencing the alumni directory with Facebook, I shot off an email to Mitra and Sam with the subject, this is not a craigslist proposition, just to be clear. Mitras response: I dont know about you, Sam, but I am quite disappointed this is not a craigslist proposition. Those are the best. Sams response: Hey Rachel! Thanks for the totally non-creepy intro! Oh dear. And so we met up for coffee. In the true spirit of SF, our less-than-loud conversation was quietly tolerated by plaid-clad hipsters wincing at us over their Macbooks with saintly martyrdom. One hipster actually retreated into a corner of the coffee shop after we sat down. By the door, the shops token eccentric was matter-of-factly spinning a hank of wool wrapped around his arm onto a wooden spindle. Mitra: So did you email us just because we were in the area, or because we were your favorite bloggers? Me: The first reason Mitra: Oh. Me: ..and also the second. Mitra: TAKE THAT, MOLLIE Apparently, when Sam searched his email to find our meetup plans, he stumbled upon another email from meas a prefrosh. Sam: I think I owe you a postcard from a few years ago. Me: Huh? OH GOD. Sam: Yeah, I put up a letter addressed to stalkers in my public folder, and you found it. Mitra: Actually, after he put it up we timed how long people took to find it. Our friend found it in less than a week. But alas, my stalker cred has diminished over the years. I didnt even know, for example, that Sams initials are S.A.M. We also talked about Real People Things, like bad puns, and Ok Cupid shenanigans, and how gap years rock, and how each cover of Oprah is better than the previous one and this months cover was so good that theyll just have to terminate the magazine now because they can never, ever top it. (Actually, I think Sam is just obsessed with Oprah.) Also, how being as networked as possible on LinkedIn is a good thing, although it can lead to some awkward situations, like when the MIT alum CTO of some hot new startup asks you how you know someone they found you through and youre like, Uhh, I think I met them at a Burton 1 party last year. Oh, weve networked at a few tech-related social functions. Which indirectly leads me to our conveniently meta-referential parting words: Mitra: Whenever you have a blogger meetup, I feel like youre obligated to blog about it. Me: Definitely! But how can I construe it as compelling and relevant? Mitra: Maybe it can be about the strength of the alumni network, or something. Me: Nah, that would be kind of preachy. LETS TAKE AN EXCITING PICTURE INSTEAD! Sam: YEAH! In lieu of the strength of alumni networks (and I already implied it, so you get it for free anyways), here is the theme of my weekend: coffee shops. Rather, shops that serve coffee. To be fair, every shop in SF seems to have a dual specialty in coffee. Bookstore-coffee-shop combos are pretty common, as are coffee-shop-creperies. The most unexpected combination Ive seen so far was an espresso bar that also rented videos. Its not like someone just decided one day, Oh, maybe we should also rent videos, so people can browse them while they drink their espresso, even though they cant watch them while drinking their espresso, or vice versa. No, someone clearly thought this through. For some reason, every coffee-shop-that-is-also-actually-another-kind-of-shop in San Francisco is also an art gallery. For dinner, my roommate Tiffany12 and I went to a coffee-shop-diner-art-gallery that also served dinner, but it was too late for dinner, so they were only serving breakfast, but they were also out of breakfast food. We were like, Do you have pasta? Do you have sandwiches? Do you have eggs? Okay, do you have food? and finally went next door, where we hadbreakfast. For dinner. At a coffee shop that was also a diner and an art gallery and served Middle Eastern food. I swear their matching illustrated chalkboard menus even had the same handwriting as each others, as well as the coffee-shop-creperie-art-gallery near my apartment. Later, I gave my leftovers to a hobo kitten named Macaroni, whom we had encountered earlier on the way to dinner. I give entirely too much credit to coffee shops, though. The MIT network really is a fantastic thing to be a part of. While scrounging for housing at the beginning of the summer, I crashed with an 08 I met through an alum of my floor, and I actually ended up taking over a 10s lease when he decided to move out for the summer. On the Facebook employee shuttle, I happened to sit next to an 03 in HR who noticed me posting a blog entry to this very site and wanted me to write for the Facebook engineering blog. Also, Dropbox employees keep giving me free storage. Try getting a punchcard for that, suckers.

The Impact Bullying as on Our Children - 572 Words

Bullying has been finally pointed out and many voices have been heard. Growing up before in the 70s, 80s, and early 90s the term bullying was not recognized or it was ignored. In today’s social living bullying is not tolerated anywhere. The cause and effect are extreme. We have to see the warning signs, of change in moods, bad behaviors, or no signs at all. Bullying is a bad behavior were others are mistreated and are injured physically or mentally. It does not only happen in young children but also in young adults and adults. A child is defenseless when innocent and when they’re not exposed to bad behavior. One of the reasons of others bullying is a low self-esteem. This behavior usually comes from a bad environment during this person younger age. This person was mostly likely neglected and reprimanded the wrong way. Many people bully to get attention not only from their parents, but also their friends. Children become so afraid at times they wont even want to go to sc hool. In many homes parents fail to see the warning signs leading children to become a bully or be a victim of being bullied. Feeling bullied must feel horrible especially if do not know how to stand up for yourself. The effect of being bullied or being the bully can be an outcome for the worst. Some have taken their lives because they could not take it anymore. The depression becomes so intense. Also having your school or friends think the worst of you can be unbearable. We see it on the news veryShow MoreRelatedCyberbullying: The New Form Of Bullying. When Sending Our1661 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying: The New Form of Bullying When sending our children to school we expect them to be able to learn without distractions, but bullying makes that impossible. Bullying has been recognized as a problem for school children globally. In fact, school bullying has proven to be a risk factor for suicide, which has been identified as one of the top causes of death among teens (Erick Messias, 2014). 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Geology and Topography of Antarctica

Antarctica is not an ideal place for a geologist to work — it is widely considered one of the coldest, driest, windiest and, during winter, darkest places on Earth. The kilometers-thick ice sheet sitting on top of 98 percent of the continent makes geologic study even more difficult. Despite these uninviting conditions, geologists are slowly gaining a better understanding of the fifth-largest continent through the use of gravity meters, ice-penetrating radar, magnetometers, and seismic instruments. Geodynamic Setting and History Continental Antarctica makes up just a portion of the much larger Antarctic Plate, which is surrounded by mostly mid-ocean ridge boundaries with six other major plates. The continent has an interesting geologic history — it was part of the supercontinent Gondwana as recently as 170 million years ago and made a final split from South America 29 million years ago. Antarctica has not always been covered in ice. At numerous times in its geologic history, the continent was warmer due to a more equatorial location and differing paleoclimates. It is not rare to find fossil evidence of vegetation and  dinosaurs  on the now-desolate continent. The most recent large-scale glaciation is thought to have begun around 35 million years ago. Antarctica has traditionally been thought of as sitting on a stable, continental shield with little geologic activity. Recently, scientists installed 13 weather-resistant seismic stations on the continent that measured the speed of earthquake waves through underlying bedrock and mantle. These waves change speed and direction whenever they encounter a different temperature or pressure in the mantle or a different composition in the bedrock, allowing geologists to create a virtual image of the underlying geology. The evidence revealed deep trenches, dormant volcanoes, and warm anomalies, suggesting that the area may be more geologically active than once thought. From space, Antarcticas geographic features seem, for lack of a better word, nonexistent. Underneath all of that snow and ice, however, lie several mountain ranges. The most prominent of these, the  Transantarctic  Mountains, are over 2,200 miles long and split the continent into two distinct halves: East Antarctica and West Antarctica. East Antarctica sits on top of a Precambrian craton, made up of mostly metamorphic rocks like gneiss and schist.  Sedimentary deposits from the Paleozoic to Early Cenozoic age lie above it.  Western Antarctica, on the other hand, is made up of orogenic belts from the past 500 million years. The summits and high valleys of the Transantarctic Mountains are some of the only places on the entire continent not covered in ice.  The other areas that are free from ice can be found on the  warmer Antarctic Peninsula, which extends 250 miles northward from West Antarctica  towards South America. Another mountain range, the  Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, rises almost 9,000 feet above sea level over a 750-mile expanse in East Antarctica. These mountains, however, are covered by several thousand feet of ice. Radar imaging reveals sharp peaks and low valleys with topography comparable to the European Alps. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet has encased the mountains and protected them from erosion rather than smoothing them into glacial valleys. Glacial Activity Glaciers affect not only the topography of Antarctica but also its underlying geology. The weight of ice in West Antarctica literally pushes the bedrock down, depressing low-lying areas below sea level. Seawater near the edge of the ice sheet creeps between the rock and glacier, causing the ice to move much faster towards the sea. Antarctica is completely surrounded by an ocean, allowing sea ice to greatly expand in winter. Ice normally covers around 18 million square miles at the September maximum (its winter) and decreases to 3 million square miles during the February minimum (its summer).  NASAs Earth Observatory has a nice side-by-side graphic comparing the maximum and minimum sea ice cover of the past 15 years. Antarctica is almost a geographic opposite of the Arctic, which is an ocean semi-enclosed by landmasses. These surrounding landmasses inhibit sea ice mobility, causing it to pile up into high and thick ridges during the winter. Come summer, these thick ridges stay frozen longer. The Arctic retains around 47 percent (2.7 of 5.8 million square miles) of its ice during warmer months. The extent of Antarcticas sea ice has increased by approximately one percent per decade since 1979 and reached record-breaking levels in 2012 to 2014. These gains do not make up for diminishing sea ice in the Arctic, however, and global sea ice continues to disappear at a rate of 13,500 square miles (larger than the state of Maryland) per year.

Study of Job Satisfaction at Infosys and Its Implications...

Study of Job Satisfaction at Infosys And Its Implications for Motivating Employees at Infosys DeeptiVedala A018 vedaladeepti@yahoo.com Project Management (Major Project) M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics) + MBA Trimester II ABSTRACT: The main aim of the study is to determine the job satisfaction of employees in Infosys. It includes determining various parameters that influence job satisfaction and also the present level of satisfaction of the employees. To understand employees perceptions about the job and come up with recommendations for the company to improve the level of job satisfaction. The method used to perform the study was a Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of various sections like†¦show more content†¦Weiss (2002) has argued that job satisfaction is an attitude but points out that researchers should clearly distinguish the objects of cognitive evaluation which are affect (emotion), beliefs and behaviors .This definition suggests that we form attitudes towards our jobs by taking into account our feelings, our beliefs, and our behaviours. Job satisfaction can also be defined as either as the overall or general job satisfaction of an employee or as the satisfaction with certain facets of the job such as the work itself, coworkers, supervision, pay, working conditions, company policies, procedures and opportunities for promotion(Smith et al.,1969).Based upon these two view points of job satisfaction , it may be measures either as the general or overall satisfaction of an employee with the job or it may be measured as the satisfaction of an employee with the various work facets. For the present study the former view of job satisfaction has adopted OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: Presently the Indian IT and ITES industry has the largest attrition rate as compared to otherindustries. Not only the startup companies but also the established companies have been finding it difficult to retain employees. With the unprecedented boom in the IT industry the size of the industry has grown very big and with major IT players employing a huge number of employees, it has become very important to determine the factors that influence job satisfaction in this industry and come up withShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Motivation16686 Words   |  67 Pagesin its operational and management approach to cope up with such changes. Henceforth employees working in companies have to be motivated consistently in order to channelize their potential for achievement of organizational objectives. Those organizations face the problem of high attrition rate who fail to motivate their employees. Theres often a single element that differentiates companies with enthusiastic employees from those that suffer high rates of dissatisfaction and turnover: motivation. WhileRead MoreA Study on Customer Satisfaction on Bsnl Mobile Services15977 Words   |  64 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of Problem A study has been conducted in order to understand the Customers opinion and Satisfaction level of Mobile Services of BSNL in East Godavari District, researchtitledâ€Å"A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION FOR BSNL MOBILE SERVICES IN RAJAHMUNDRY REGION†has been conducted. 1.2 Importance of the Study In todays competitive business world and challenging economy, retaining your customer base is critical to your success. If you dont giveRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesDonald N. Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben W. Heineman, Jr. 20 33 FORETHOUGHT HBR CASE STUDY Why Didn t We Know? Ralph Hasson 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch THOU SHALT †¦page 58 James P. Hackett 111 TOOL KIT The Process Audit Michael Hammer 124 BEST PRACTICE Human Due Diligence DavidRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesHodgetts, Fred Luthans, Jonathan Doh. 6th ed. 2006. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-811257-7 ISBN-10: 0-07-811257-5 1. International business enterprises—Management. 2. International business enterprises—Management—Case studies. I. Doh, Jonathan P. II. Hodgetts, Richard M. International management. III. Title. HD62.4.H63 2012 658 .049—dc22 2011002070 www.mhhe.com Dedicated in Memory of Richard M. Hodgetts A Pioneer in International Management Education iii

Housing Market in the UK

Question: The British housing market has "deep, deep" problems, according to the Governor of the Bank of England. In an interview with Sky's Murnaghan show, Mark Carney warned that rising house prices represented the biggest current risk to the economy.He added that the number of large mortgages being approved to house buyers was on the rise and that the UK was in need of new house building. Mr Carney said: "The issue around the housing market in the UK is there are not sufficient (numbers of) houses (being) built." One of the biggest issues of the UK economy if the constant changes in the housing market. Using the above article passage and any other you may research, write a report analysing what are, the main reasons for those changes. Is the microeconomic or the macroeconomic environment the one that affects prices most? Are the property market challenges linked more to supply or demand?, or maybe we have to consider macroeconomic issues like the exchanges rates, growth and unemployment? Answer: Introduction: The key role in the economy is played by the housing market. It exercises its influence on the economy through output growth, stability in the financial market and the monetary policy of transmission mechanism. The decision of the household to purchase a house is relevant to the economy as it involves a large part of the households income as well as the expenditure. The UK housing market is characterized as a volatile market. For the last few decades, the UK housing market has witnessed two major booms and busts. (Ons.gov.uk, 2015) The governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney in an interview with Skys Murnaghan show, has showed concern about the property boom which can pose a big risk to the Britains economic recovery. The house prices rose at the fastest rate in the more than six years and have ascended to 8.9% on a yearly basis. This rise in house price can be accounted for the shortage of new homes. The deep structural problem associated with the UK housing market can be tackled buy two factors. First, the bank must ensure enough reserves to resist the risks of bad loans associated with the downturn of the housing market. Second, there should be a check on the lending procedure and ensure that mortgages be sanctioned to those individuals who could afford them. (E-Residentials | Online Estate Agent, 2014) Reasons for changes in the housing market: The constant changes in the housing market are owing to several factors. These factors influence the housing market and alter the house price. Some of the reasons behind the changes in the housing market of the UK are: (Pettinger, 2011) Economic growth- It is regarded that the demand for house is income elastic as house is considered to be a luxuries good. Now as demand for house is dependent on the income, so as income decreases, people cannot buy houses and they are unable to make their mortgage payments ending up their houses to be taken in possession by the banks. The GDP growth of the UK in the third quarter of 2014 was 0.7% which made the nation the fastest growing G7 economy in spite of the economic slowdown. (Allen, 2014) This has resulted in the rise in income of the citizens which furthered raised the demand for house which ultimately hiked the house price. (Positive Money, 2013) Unemployment- The level of unemployment is associated with the economic growth in the UK. Since the UK experienced a GDP growth, the unemployment rate fell to 6% which is recorded to be the lowest. The employment rate rose to 73% which means that people have been employed. This drive in employment caused the incomes to rise resulting in an increased demand for house and this excess demand for houses increased the prices. (Monaghan and Inman, 2014) Interest rates- The year 2014 was marked with stable interest rate at 0.5% which enabled the purchase of new houses. The interest rate affects the monthly mortgage payment cost. If the interest rate is high, this would increase the mortgage payment. As a result, the demand for houses will fall. But since the interest rate did not rise in 2014 in the UK, people were willing to purchase houses, soaring up the demand for houses and thereby raising the price of the houses. (BBC News, 2014) Consumer confidence- The consumer confidence is very important for the sale and purchase of the house or taking the risk to mortgage them. In this regard the expectation towards the housing market is relevant. If people foresee that the price of the houses is rising then they will be willing to purchase them which will raise demand. Mortgage availability- According to the Bank of Englands latest Credit Conditions report, lenders in 2014 were willing to extend a rise in the availability of mortgages. The rise in the availability of mortgages with low deposits eased up the procedure for getting mortgage. This raised the demand for buying houses. (The Guardian, 2014) Supply- Mark Carney stated that the problem of shortage of new house could not be solved by the Central Bank. At 123,000 units per year, the rate of house building was well below the 200,000 which is considered by many economists as the minimum scale. Thus, the shortage of supply of houses led to a situation of excess demand which raised the price of the houses. (Inman, 2015) Microeconomics and macroeconomics factors affecting price: The basic determinants that affect the housing prices is the demand and supply of the houses but they are influenced by the microeconomics and macroeconomics factor. It is startling to see that how people are engaging themselves to investment in the real estate sector. It is also necessary to understand the impact of the macro and micro variables that can affect the decision of the purchase of the house. Some of the macro and micro factors that affect the housing prices are discussed below. (Tan, 2015) (Ft.com, 2015) Macroeconomic factors: Population growth considering foreign workforce and migration- The population growth rate in the UK in 2014 was recorded to be 0.54%. A population growth imposed pressure on the housing market. (Indexmundi.com, 2015) The increase in the new citizen and the shortage of houses resulted in a situation of excess demand, raising the price of the house. The Malthusian theory states that population of human grows at a geometric rate. The four stages of demographic transition also tell us a progressive change in phase from high birth rate high death rate to a phase of low birth and death rates. All these imply that even if there is little population growth, there is still not sufficient accommodation to absorb the new entrant. (Galor and Weil, 2000) Employment and wage growth- As there is an increase in the employment rate, there is also a growth in wage. This increases the income in the hands of the people which enhances the credit liability confidence. People will now take up loans or mortgage to purchase house. Thus, the demand rises and the property price rises. Construction costs- The conceptualization of several government policies extends to regulate the building projects and this make the developers more conscious about the building projects by delaying it. This causes a shortage in the supply of the house raising the price. The increase in construction cost and the price of raw materials may also raise the price of the house Financing properties- The smooth and easy access to mortgage and loan facilities by the people gear them up to buy properties. This raises the demand for houses and as a result price rises. This can be countered by restricting credit availabilities by government policies which could drive the price down. Land scarcity- The ever increasing population posed a threat to the availability of land. There evolved the issue of scarce land, which resulted in excess demand of land for accommodation. This created an excess demand for house and thus price rises. (McGrath, 2014) Exchange rate- the changes in the exchange rate influence people on their buying decision of property. The depreciation of exchange rate drives up the price of property in the foreign country and the opposite happens when appreciation takes place. Microeconomic factors: Location and amenities- An individual who is willing to buy a house would definitely consider the locality with amenities associated with the property like accessibility of expressways, shopping malls, markets, parks, food centre etc. All these location attractiveness changes the value or price of the house. Government plans- Government may chalk out plans for a particular location by advancement in infrastructures. This future plan associated with the location can drive up the property price. Building style- The architectural design of a house may affect its price. If the design of the house is unique and cannot be replicated then the value of the house increases. Taste and preferences- The taste and preferences of an individual os acquired by the level of education. This reflects the different types of choices of house depending upon the level of education received. It is the macroeconomic factors that increase the price sensitivity of the houses. The major issues like unemployment rate, population growth rate, and construction cost etc. affect the housing prices instantaneously. But the microeconomic factors are equally relevant to determine the prices of the housing sector. Property market challenges: The challenges faced by every market are associated with the demand and supply conditions. It is evident from the rising prices of the houses that there prevailed disequilibrium in the demand and supply conditions in the UK. The supply of houses was unable to keep pace with the demand for houses. A situation of excess demand crept up, driving the price of the house up. Thus there is an urgent need to expand the supply of housing. When the demand and supply conditions are regarded as the important factors to determine equilibrium in the housing market, it is equally important to focus on the macroeconomic and microeconomic factors that influence the demand and supply side of the housing industry. The macroeconomic and microeconomic factors like the economic growth, population growth, locations and amenities, government plans etc. all these affect the pricing of the houses. Thus, the challenges in the property market are influenced by the macroeconomic environment as well as the demand and supply side. (Economicsonline.co.uk, 2015) (UK Parliament, 2015) Conclusion: Our report is based on the analysis of the concern of the governor of Bank of England, Mark Carney. The rise in the price of the house is inevitable as far as there is a shortage in the supply of houses. This problem of supply shortage needs to be tackled by the providing subsidies to the private house builders, relaxing house building regulations, providing grants and tax concession to builders who build house on certain areas etc. The need to regulate demand is also relevant to suppress the rise in price. Thus, to stabilize the demand and supply condition of the housing market, it is necessary to maintain the macroeconomic factors that affect the housing prices. (Galati, Teppa and Alessie, n.d.) (White, 2014) References Allen, K. (2014). UK on track to be fastest growing G7 economy despite slowdown.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/24/uk-economic-growth-slows [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. BBC News, (2014).Rates 'to stay at 0.5% this year'. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-25561477 [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Economicsonline.co.uk, (2015).UK house prices. [online] Available at: https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/House_prices.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. E-Residentials | Online Estate Agent, (2014).E-Residentials | Online Estate Agent. [online] Available at: https://www.e-residentials.co.uk/#!Mark-Carney-House-Prices-Biggest-Risk-To-Economy-/cky5/6B899536-9302-452E-AB1E-FDCEF3931DAF [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Ft.com, (2015).UK house prices: In depth news, commentary and analysis from theFinancial Times. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/indepth/uk-house-prices [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Galati, G., Teppa, F. and Alessie, R. (n.d.). Macro and Micro Drivers of House Price Dynamics: An Application to Dutch Data.SSRN Journal. Galor, O. and Weil, D. (2000). Population, Technology, and Growth: From Malthusian Stagnation to the Demographic Transition and Beyond.American Economic Review, 90(4), pp.806-828. Indexmundi.com, (2015).United Kingdom Population growth rate - Demographics. [online] Available at: https://www.indexmundi.com/united_kingdom/population_growth_rate.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Inman, P. (2015). Mark Carney: rising house prices pose biggest risk to recovery.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/may/18/mark-carney-house-prices-risk-economy-bank-of-england [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. McGrath, M. (2014).UK faces 'significant' land shortage. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28003435 [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Monaghan, A. and Inman, P. (2014). UK unemployment falls below 2 million for first time since financial crisis.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/15/uk-unemployment-falls-6-percent-lowest-lehman-brothers [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Ons.gov.uk, (2015).House Price Index, December 2014 - ONS. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/hpi/house-price-index/december-2014/stb-december-2014.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Pettinger, T. (2011).Factors that affect the housing market | Economics Help. [online] Economicshelp.org. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/377/housing/factors-that-affect-the-housing-market/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Positive Money, (2013).House prices: why are they so high? | Positive Money. [online] Available at: https://www.positivemoney.org/issues/house-prices/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Tan, A. (2015).Macro And Micro Factors That Make The Property Market Tick | Propertylogy. [online] Propertylogy.com. Available at: https://www.propertylogy.com/knowledge/macro-and-micro-factors-that-make-the-property-market-tick/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. The Guardian, (2014). Mortgage price war expected as UK lenders fight for market share. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/oct/07/mortgage-price-war-uk-lenders-market-share [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. UK Parliament, (2015).Housing supply and demand. [online] Available at: https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/social-reform/housing-supply-and-demand/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. White, A. (2014). Nationwide: House prices rise but so do mortgage rejections.The Telegraph. [online] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/house-prices/11197402/Nationwide-House-prices-rise-but-so-do-mortgage-rejections.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015].

Sodaro, Michael. Comparative Politics

Creamlines Distribution System Essay Example

Creamlines Distribution System Essay Example Creamlines Distribution System Essay Creamlines Distribution System Essay Business! For Everyone! Creamlines ice cream products are indeed delicious, but you wont find them in your favorite supermarket. This is because Creamlines primary distribution system is the network of sari-sari stores scattered all over the country, says Martinez. As its contribution to nation-building, says Madrid, Creamline has come up the Instant Negosyo concept. For a small amount of money, a sari-sari store owner can be a retailer of Creamline products. All he needs to do is purchase P3,000 worth of ice cream products and Creamline will provide him with a freezer on loan. No expense. The only expenditure is putting the product. The content is P3,000. Of course, you must have a store and good location. In a way, we are giving jobs to everyone, says Madrid. This is a good business opportunity for micro-entrepreneurs as well as overseas contract workers looking to start a small enterprise when they get home. For those with bigger capital to spare, Creamline also offers opportunities for dealers (who take care of the retailers requirements) and distributors (who take care of the dealers requirements). Creamline also offers franchises for those who wish to sell direct to consumers via scooping stations. These stations should ideally be located in such high traffic areas as schools, malls, and bus terminals. Leaving no stone unturned, the company also started sending out ambulant vendors in selected areas. More popularly known as sorbeteros, these vendors sell Creamlines Choco Bulilits, Cream Cones, Cream Bars, and other ice cream products. Not surprisingly, Creamline has done quite well. The company is now operating nationwide, reaching out of Metro Manila and into Central Luzon, Southern Luzon, Cebu, Davao, and Cagayan de Oro, and garnering numerous fans along the way. If production is any indication, it would be good to note that the company has doubled its plant area since it opened its Pampanga anufacturing facility in 2004. In two years, says Martinez, Creamline plans to put up another manufacturing facility so that distribution will be even more efficient. In the future, Madrid says the company hopes to expand the business, penetrating new markets and developing new products while always giving value for money to their customers. If Creamline Dairy Corporation stays true to its core values of quality, affordability, accessibility, and consistency, then Madrid believes that it wo uld be a truly creamy success.

Role of circulating practitioner in and outside a theatre room Essay

Role of circulating practitioner in and outside a theatre room - Essay Example Through expertise in theatre issues surgeons go as far as seeking assistance from specific scrubs who are well conversant with the procedure to be undertaken hence its adept to train and be able to learn more while on practical theatre situation (Zatlin, 2005, p. 19). This calls for a dedicated person to carry out the roles of circulating practitioner in a theatre. As a second year student, we are obliged to practically face the situation during internship to equip us with the relevant information and skills that shapes our focus and perception of what awaits us after the completion of the studies (Waldie, 2007, p. 39). However, being an scrub does not enable an individual to be certain while handling instruments and disposables within the theatre, this could be confirmed through an incident that happened during a procedure when a scratch pad was misplaced within the theatre hall just to base all blames on me despite being innocent oblivious of the consequences that would follow should I be found guilty of an offence not committed (Wicker, 2010, p. 84). I have to ensure that all the instruments brought to the theatre are sterilized and able to perform the procedure in accordance with the surgeons’ perception being a life saving procedure a lot of care should be taken in order to accomplish the procedure. This includes a confirmation that all the people within the theatre hall are putting on in accordance with the rules and codes of ethics in medics (Wicker, 2010, p. 87).... for the instruments to be brought to the theatre hall, in fact no one is allowed to leave the theatre hall when a procedure is on (Thomson,, 2002, p. 106). I have to ensure that all the instruments brought to the theatre are sterilized and able to perform the procedure in accordance with the surgeons’ perception being a life saving procedure a lot of care should be taken in order to accomplish the procedure. This includes a confirmation that all the people within the theatre hall are putting on in accordance with the rules and codes of ethics in medics (Wicker, 2010, p. 87). Through effective procedure there would be uni-effetive patient recovery and care for instance, the instruments that are supposed to be used only once should not be re used in any way under what come may (Pudner, 2000, p. 53). This is one of the ways through which poor patient handling arises from causing un-expected complications which would be avoided through following procedural implications within the theatre hall (Zatlin, 2005, p. 24). The key function within the practice is that patient care and preoperative environment entirely relies on our practice. It is within the health and safety rules state that accountability and responsibilities under which the duties are to be performed within the theatre. Hence any fault that arises within the theatre must be dealt with beyond reasonable doubt so ascertain that the patient care is maintained within our practice (Waldie, 2007, p. 42). In the process, we have to countercheck the instruments and affirm their states before, within the procedure and afterwards to ensure that the quality of services to deal with both appropriateness and efficiency in reducing harm to the patient under procedure (Thomson,, 2002, p. 123. Disease control and management

The north and south labour systems and effect on American Civil War Essay

The north and south labour systems and effect on American Civil War - Essay Example According to Levine (2005), southern secession happened because they wanted to fight for the maintenance of the slavery institution in the United States of America. This is because their economy largely depended on the labor that was provided mainly by slaves. The northern part had grown economically because of the increased immigration from Europe. Therefore, they had enough labor for their production activities. There were many industries in the north and people enjoyed liberty and freedom that was characterized by the availability of land for everyone. On the other hand, the south depended on bonded labor for production. Few people owned large parcels of land in the south with many people owning small pieces of land. Many others were slaves and had to work on the large farms owned by few. In the years before the start of the civil war, Americans in the North and Northern west had different economic interests with the Americans living in the South and Southwest America. Despite the fact that the civil war in America was caused by a combination of other factors, the divergent economic interests contributed to the animosity that existed between the North and the South. They contributed to the establishment of the confederacy and the victory achieved by the union. The United States of America was an agricultural hub before, during and just after the civil war. Three quarters of the population in America lived in rural areas. The rural areas comprised of farms and small towns. Despite the fact that factories were established in the North and South, the establishment of industries and industrial manufacturing activities took place in the North. In 1860, the South had an estimated 25 percent of free population but only accounted for 10 percent of the capital of the country. The development of industries in the North was five times more that of the South. The number of factory workers in the North exceeded that of the South by ten times. Ninety percent of the skilled labor in the United States of America was in the North (Levine, 2005). The above information shows that the labor characteristics in the North and South were remarkably different. Labor in the North was expensive and laborers were not tied to a particular station. Workers were very active and mobile. The competition in the labor market was intensified by the immigration from Europe and Asia. This influenced the rising of wages in the sense that wages remained relatively constant (Levine, 2005). The economy of the south was founded on the labor provided by African Americans who worked as slaves. They were exploited, oppressed and forced to provide cheap labor. Mo st white families did not own slaves. Out of 1.6 million families, about 384,000 owned slaves. Most of the families who owned slaves had about 20 slaves or less. However, those who owned many slaves were about 10,000 and owned large plantations. When Eli Whitney invented cotton gin, southern planters and farmers

Roma People And The European Union Politics Essay

Roma People And The European Union Politics Essay The term Roma refers to a variety of groups of people who describe themselves as Roma, Gypsies, Travellers, Manouches, Ashkali, Sinti, as well as other titles. For the purpose of this paper, we will use of the term Roma to describe the group in question. This is in no way intended to downplay the great diversity within the many different Romani groups and related communities, and it is not intended to promote stereotypes. Our basic question is what is the status of the Roma people today, within the context of the European Union? For millennia, the Roma have been an integral part of European civilisation. Today, with an estimated population of 10-12 million people, Roma are the biggest ethnic minority in Europe; Roma communities are present in all 27 EU Member States. And in contemporary times, most Roma are EU citizens. An issues is that their situation is characterised by persistent discrimination and social exclusion. Thus, Roma are very exposed to the risks of poverty, unemployment, stereotypes and social prejudice. Its vital to understand that the Roma population is heterogeneous. Following the elimination of traditional labor activities and of nomadic lifestyles in some Member States, urban migration, but also migration from Eastern Europe to the western EU states, there have been a lot of changes affecting the Roma people. However, there is a very big gap between the living conditions (in the fields of health, education, labor and housing) of the Roma and the majority population. And a concentrated effort toward EUs integrated policy towards the Roma is needed, preferably a multidisciplinary one, dealing with the problem from multiple angles, not just from an economic of sociological point of view, and also one whose results have to be quantifiable, state-wide but also centrally. This is our hypothesis. Legal Framework in the EU The European Union has established a strong legal anti-discrimination framework; the most important documents on the issue consist of Article 13 of the Treaty establishing the European Community, Council Directive 2000/43/EC on Racial Equality and the Council Directive 2000/78/EC, that establishes a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. The European Union also has a strong legal framework dealing with Roma discrimination, that is based, among others, on article 13 of the Treaty of the European Community, the Directive 2000/43/EC on racial equality and the Directive 2000/78/EC concerning the prohibition of discrimination in employment and vocational training. Its important to note however that it is the duty of the Member States to translate these Directives into their own national legislations.   The European Commissions mandate also includes stimulating the use of EU Structural Funds by EU Member States for supporting Roma inclusion.  This process is supported by the EURoma network, composed of representatives from 12 Member States,  whose goal is to promote the use of Structural Funds in order to enhance the effectiveness of policies targeting the Roma and to promote their social inclusion.   Roma people in Romania According to official data, Roma population in Romania included, according to the 2002 census, 535,250 people, of which 325,000 people (60%) lived in rural areas. Roma population is, numerically speaking, the second ethnic minority group in Romania, after the Hungarians. However, these census numbers might or might not reflect reality, for there are probably more Roma who havent been accounted for because they refused to participate in the census or might have avoided stating their nationality. According to a study by the National Agency for Roma, the socio-economic situation of Roma ethnicity remains still quite difficult: Roma score on a high level of poverty. Roma communities are affected by various problems: high levels of unemployment (28%), low income, low educational and vocational training (with visible effects in the labor market participation), improper living conditions and limited access to public services. Many Roma are working as day laborers, thus without having a stable source of income. According to OSI (Open Society Institute) research conducted in 2007, 4.9 percent of Roma people in Romania lacked a birth certificate. Among nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœRoma citizens, less than 1 percent lacked a birth certificate. Similarly, surveys in 2007 and 2008 indicated that between 1.9 and 6 percent of Roma lacked identity cards, compared to 1.5 percent of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœRoma. The lack of identity documents leads to exclusion from participating in elections, receiving social benefits, accessing health insurance, securing property documents, and participating in the labor market. Another survey, conducted by the ICCV (Institutul de Cercetare a Calitatii Vietii), points out that the proportion of illiterates among Roma is disturbing: more than one third of the Roma (38.6%) are functionally illiterate, 19% of men and 27% of mature women only attended one school year. 18% of Roma children aged between 7 and 16 years have never been to school. Among the conclusions of the study are the following: Roma population categorically refuse to be a part of the education system. The problem is that the Roma population lives, usually in secluded and / or notorious neighborhoods, and schools located in these areas, where Roma children might study, have inferior learning conditions. NGOs and the media report that discrimination by teachers and other students against Romani students served as an additional disincentive for Romani children to complete their studies. However, other Roma are largely or fully integrated into society. Scholarships in schools and universities were created for Roma by the state creating positive discrimination whose impact on improving integration in Romania remains to be seen. On the downside again, in schools where students are predominantly Roma, repeater rates reach 11.3%, almost three times higher than the national average. Because of the low quality level of the school, almost 20% of Roma students enrolled in the fourth grade are functionally illiterate, according to the ICCV. The EU, Romania included, has launched a program entitled Decade of Roma Inclusion to combat this and other problems. Roma situation differs from country to country, but integration problems remain in developed countries. A report by the European Roma Rights Center (ERRC) emphasizes that, in 2005, the Roma in France for example, counting around 500,000 individuals are the target of dramatic levels of discrimination. The report notes that civil, political, social and economic community are frequently violated and concluded that the authorities fail integration of minorities in the Hexagon (France). The most important communities of Roma live in Central and Eastern Europe, but, similariy to Romanias case (where the official 2002 census claims numbers of 535,000, while a EU report dating from 2004 says there are 1.8 million Roma) their number varies between official censuses and unofficial estimates: Czech Republic has between 11,000- 200,000 Roma, Slovakia, between 95,000- 550,000, Hungary, between 200,000- 600,000, and European reports on this minority are often negative. In each of the three of the EU countries mentioned above, unemployment among Roma reaches 75% -80%; when they have access to education, most often the children study in special schools and the wider community is a victim of racial prejudice coming from the majority population, according to Amnesty International. EU Strategy for Roma integration The European Commission has set up a programme to tackle the main difficulties involved in the integration of Roma people. There are EU funds available to help, and countries are encouraged to make greater use of them on a national level. To this effect, one important tool is the European Social Fund, which currently stands at around 12 billion Euros and amounts to 10% of the EUs budget. The purpose of the fund is to provide support for projects that seek to improve social cohesion in the Union. The second European Roma summit, was being held at the beginning of April 2010- on the International Roma Day, and was set-up as a forum to discuss the Commissions new strategy and to renew commitments. Representatives of EU institutions, EU countries and civil society organisations, including Roma groups, have participated in the conference and also present were World Bank Director Theodore Ahlers and the investment banker and philanthropist George Soros. The direct involvement of Roma organisations and representatives was a key feature of the event. The agenda included the implementation of rules against discrimination and racism by member countries of EU. Concerning this, the Commission had taken legal action against 24 EU countries which have not fulfilled their obligations in this respect and for 12 of these cases, the proceedings are ongoing. The focus shifted in the EU in 2009 from an analysis of the problems to an exploration of how existing instruments could be made more effective and how the situation of the Roma could be addressed more explicitly across a broad range of policies, including employment, social inclusion, health, education, housing, youth and culture. But the enforcement and development of specific EU legislation in the areas of non-discrimination, freedom of movement and anti-racism has continued. The European Platform for Roma inclusion- composed of key players in Roma inclusion from EU institutions, international organisations, Member States governments and civil society, was launched in April 2009 to exchange good practice and experience and to stimulate cooperation among its participants, with a clearly stated objective: to increase the coherence and effectiveness of the parallel policy processes at national, European and international level with a view to creating synergies. Most Member States report a stronger focus on internal coordination and on involving the Roma communities. Some Member States have begun to use the opportunities of complex programming and combined cohesion policy instruments. Among the findings of the forum, it seems that Member States want to mainstream Roma issues and to use mutual learning in order to explore how to improve their current initiatives on desegregation and on access in the areas of education, employment and basic social services. Another new effort of The European Commission deals with the implementation of a pilot project on Roma inclusion (5 million Euros for 2010-2012), initiated by the European Parliament, addressing early childhood education, self-employment through micro-credit, and public awareness particularly in countries with high Roma populations. The pilot project will also explore methods for data collection and counterfactual evaluation to assess the impact of the interventions in these three fields. Specific problems concerning the workforce As a fact, working age Roma lack sufficient human capital. Apart from barriers such as labor market discrimination still affecting them, the vast majority of working age Roma lacks the necessary qualifications to participate effectively in the labor market. The next figures will portray the cases of 3 member states, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Romania, and also a non EU state, Serbia, in order to get a grasp of how serious the educational problems are among various European Roma communities. Note: Data included in figures 1, 2 ,3 and 4 comes from the World Bank. This is seen dramatically in Figure 1, which shows the proportion of working-age Roma that have completed at least some secondary education or more. Only 1 in 5 Roma of working age in the Czech Republic and as few as 1 in 8 in Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia are equipped with these necessary education skill levels. Working age members of the majority populations in these countries are 4 to 6 times more likely to have these educational qualifications. Figure 3 shows the average monthly net income that employed Roma earn compared to that of the majority population. Employed Roma earn 31% less in Bulgaria, 48% less in Serbia, 55% less in Romania, and 58% less in the Czech Republic. Specific problems concerning demographics and education The health situation of the Roma conditions their life expectancy and their demographics are different from the european average. The European Roma population is significantly younger than the overall population (an average of 25.1 years old in seven Member States, compared to 40.24 years in the whole EU; 62.38 percent of the Roma population is under 29 years old, compared to 34.98 percent in the EU-27). There is no official information on the average life expectancy of Roma, but this is expected to be significantly lower than the overall EU population (which is around 63 years old in Romania) The child dependency index is 57.77 compared to 23.33 in the EU, while the elderly dependency index reaches 4.11, much lower than the EU of 24.93. There is also a gradual decline in birth rates among Roma, however, the replacement index (reflecting the number of people with ages between 15 and 39 for every 100 people aged 40 to 64) remains significantly higher among Roma (231) than for the overall population (101). As we have seen from the figures above, Roma citizens in some Member States influence the demographic pyramid in a specific manner. Educational systems are selective and, despite efforts by Member States to overcome segregation, a great deal of the systems that have been ostensibly designed to combat segregation are often used in practice to increase disparities between social groups and disadvantage the poor profoundly, especially in the case of Roma. There is a constant need of specific educational policies to address Roma families and also policies that encourage active participation. Although the proportion of young Roma enrolled in education and higher education systems has largely increased in some Member States, their level of qualification is still below the EU average. However, in the absence of formal qualifications, the position of Roma in the labor market can be improved by creating a system of recognition of practical skills. Indeed, Figure 6 shows that among Roma who completed secondary education the average earnings are much higher than the average earnings among Roma who completed primary education: 83% higher in Bulgaria, 110% higher in the Czech Republic, 144% higher in Romania, and 52% higher in Serbia. Romanias efforts aimed towards the Roma through structural funds Surprisingly, there is a great deal of implication concerning this matter with the local, Romanian authorities, and a lot o projects concerning Roma and their social integration are on their way. Most projects are co-funded by the European Structural Funds, are managed centrally and focus primarily on education (including early childcare), vocational and professional training, labour market insertion and social inclusion. According to the information provided by the Romanian Managing Authority, a total of 11 projects are being or will be implemented multiregionally or statewide with an aggregate budget of 37,819,853 Euros and are planned to benefit 61,634 Roma men and women. Most projects are short-to-medium-term (2-3 years). We can note that 6 major projects (employment and early education) are directly managed by the National Roma Agency. Our hope it that perhaps these efforts will actually wield some quantifiable results. Figure 5 source: EURoma report- Roma and the Structural Funds There are currently several integrated projects that rank as highly important. First, a transnational pilot project, Together on the labour market, is managed by the National Roma Agency is being implemented in 8 cities, in partnership with the Fundacià ³n Secretariado Gitano from Spain as transnational partner during the period 2008-2010. In the following period, 2010-2013, the project aims to be expanded nationwide. At a cost of 4,908,749 Euros for a period of two years, the project has ambitious aims: to benefit 6,670 Roma women and men through personalised support for labour insertion, vocational training adapted to the demand of the Romanian labour market. With a budget of 4,770,000 Euros, another employment activation project, Strategic steps for improving access to education for Roma children, presents ambitious outcomes and outputs: to increase the qualification on the labour market of 2,000 persons, including 1,000 Roma, the development of social economy structures, the increase of job opportunities addressed to vulnerable groups, the establishment of 8 Regional Centres to supporting social economy structures, the creation of 8 Regional Partnerships, and the development of 80 social economy projects. Within the education field, the All in kindergarten, all in the first grade. Integrated programmes for increasing the access to education and the educational level of the children within under-privileged communities, mainly Roma, during 2008-2009 project, is managed by the central government with a budget of 5,000,000 Euros. Although no data is yet available on its results, it had some ambitious and specific targets. The general objective of the project is to prevent and correct early school leaving for children aged 5 to 8 within 420 disadvantaged communities (a high proportion of them being Roma children). It seeks to increase access to pre-school and school education for 8,000 children within disadvantaged communities, mainly Roma, trough participation in Summer kindergarten and School after school educational programmes. Its potential outputs are ambitious: A 75% decrease in school dropout rate for pupils in the first grade belonging to the 420 disadvantaged communities; 6,000 Ro ma children benefiting from the school-after-school programme and 10,000 Roma parents receiving counseling regarding child education. Three other projects target pre-school education. Two are managed respectively by the Amare Rromentza Roma Centre and the National Agency for the Roma, with more than 4,000 combined beneficiaries. The third, titled Strategic steps for improving access to education for Roma children is managed by Romani CRISS and will have as a general objective the reduction of early school leaving risk among Roma pupils. With a budget of 4,872,060 Euros, it will develop desegregation plans within 90 schools from 4 regions of the country -North-West, Centre, South-East and Bucharest-Ilfov over three years, including intercultural training for 150 teaching staff and awareness-raising initiatives regarding the benefits of education to 20,000 planned Roma beneficiaries. Finally, an integrated project, Education of Roma children- the way to a guaranteed employment, is being managed by the National Roma Agency and implemented for three years (no exact dates provided). It aims to increase of the educational level of the Roma children from rural and urban areas nationwide and the development of human resources. With a budget of 4,943,831 Euros and targeting 4,800 beneficiaries (50% women), it could help to find ways to articulate education and employment policies through effective local implementation of equal opportunity and desegregation measures, and if it demonstrates long-term sustainability. Economic costs of Roma Exclusion: As expected, the fact that Roma people sit on the margins of society leads to some macroeconomic consequences. These consequences have been thoroughly analized and documented in a recent, 2010 report by The World Bank. Note that some of the issues presented in the report have surfaced in the previous chapters of this paper. A summary of the findings is presented in the following table: Figure x: The economic costs of Roma Exclusion The vast majority of working-age Roma lack sufficient education to participate successfully in the labor market. As a result, European countries are losing hundreds of millions of Euros annually in productivity and in fiscal contributions to the governments. Lower bound estimates of annual productivity losses range from 367 million Euro in the Czech Republic, 526 million Euro in Bulgaria, to 887 million Euro in Romania. Lower bound annual fiscal losses range from 202 million Euro in Romania, 233 million Euro in the Czech Republic, and 370 million Euros in Bulgaria. Toward inclusive growth: bridging the education gap is also the economically smart choice to make Better educated Roma can expect much higher earnings. Compared to Roma with primary education, Roma who complete secondary education can expect to earn 83% more in Bulgaria, 110% more in the Czech Republic, 144% more in Romania. The annual fiscal gains from bridging the employment gap are much higher than the total cost of investing in public education for all Roma children; by a factor of 7.7 for Bulgaria, 7.4 times for the Czech Republic, 2.4 times in Romania. The share of Roma among the working-age populations will rise as majority populations in Eastern and Central Europe are aging rapidly. Equal labor participation among the Roma is essential to shoulder the nationally rising costs of pensions, health and other costs of aging. source: The economic costs of Roma exclusion, World Bank Report, April 2010. Conclusions We consider that Roma are mostly discriminated because of a certain lack of education, but also because they are sometimes perceived as social outcasts. And this is sometimes a matter of choice, even tradition, which makes this a very tough area to cover and improve. Education is a milestone to consider, and perhaps the key to solving a lot of Roma related problems. We have seen that there are trumendeos efforts on a local but also European level, which we believe is a positive sign. The use of structural funds could be a very powerful tool when used properly. While targeting Roma education might lead us to certain cultural barries, we have to do our best to understand these limitations and figure out a way to please both parties. There are a lot of opportunities and advantages what will come with a better integration of the Roma people, and some steps have been taken into this direction, both socially and economically. However, there is one problem that should be noted. The issue of results, and more specifically, how do we make the efforts quantifiable? We see a lot of projects through structural funds in Romania, but we should also bear in mind their specific results and goals. The centralisation of these results should be a priority, otherwise they risk getting by unnoticed. Have the goals been achieved? They the programmes succesful, but just how much? How can they be improved so they reach the broader audience rather than smaller groups? Bibliografie www.euractiv.ro www.ecursuri.ro 3. www.ec.europa.eu Home http://www.romadecade.org/ http://www.anr.gov.ro http://worldbank.org/

Free Essays - Language and Dialect in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Language and Dialect in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain's use of language and dialect in the book "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" helped him to bring about the overall feel that he conveyed throughout the book, allowing him to show Huck Finn's attitudes and beliefs concerning the nature of education, slavery, and family values. When the story begins, Huck is seen as a young boy who is not very educated nor wishes to be. He does not seem to care very much for the attention that is given to him by the Widow Douglas, who had taken him in for her son, and her sister, Miss Watson. Huck's moral values were not only the product of his ignorance, but there is relation seen between Huck's attitude and the attitude of his father when Huck is confronted by him. Huck's father is disgusted at the way that Huck seems to be becoming more and more civilized. He states "...they say you can read and write. You think you're better'n your father, now, don't you, because he can't?" Perhaps this statement shows disgust in Huck through not following the moral values of his father, or perhaps this is just merely jealousy on his father's part. Huck's father warns Huck about going to school any more, yet Huck goes anyway, showing great willpower in the character of Huck in that he was gaining an education that he never really wanted in the first place, but soon came to realize that it was something actually useful, and in the fact that he was disobeying his father's orders. Huck's feelings about slavery are shown when he helps Jim, Miss Watson's slave, to escape. Huck's constant statement that "Jim talks like he is white inside" shows that Huck was unique amongst the society in which he lived in the fact that he saw beneath the color of a person's skin and saw the person that was truly there. Jim seems to be the only person that Huck can trust other than Tom Saywer, Huck's best friend. Huck Finn felt that slavery was a cruel injustice because he had gotten to know Jim and found out that there was more to him than just being a slave. Huck had found that Jim was a human being just like himself.

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NuclearMain articles: Nuclear explosion and Effects of nuclear explosions In addition to stellar nuclear explosions, a man-made nuclear weapon is a type of explosive weapon that derives its destructive force from nuclear fission or from a combination of fission and fusion. As a result, even a nuclear weapon with a small yield is significantly more powerful than the largest conventional explosives available, with a single weapon capable of completely destroying an entire city. Properties of explosionsForceExplosive force is released in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the explosive. If the surface is cut or shaped, the explosive forces can be focused to produce a greater local effect; this is known as a shaped charge.VelocityThis article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. Pleasehelp improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (May 2013) The speed of the reaction is what distinguishes the ex plosive reaction from an ordinary combustion reaction . Unless the reaction occurs rapidly, the thermally expanded gases will be dissipated in the medium, and there will be no explosion. Again, consider a wood or coal fire. As the fire burns, there is the evolution of heat and the formation of gases, but neither is liberated rapidly enough to cause an explosion. This can be likened to the difference between the energy discharge of a battery, which is slow, and that of a flash capacitor like that in a camera flash, which releases its energy all at once.Evolution of heatThe generation of heat in large quantities accompanies most explosive chemical reactions. The exceptions are called entropic explosives and include organic peroxides such as acetone peroxide[2] It is the rapid liberation of heat that causes the gaseous products of most explosive reactions to expand and generate high pressures. This rapid generation of high pressures of the released gas constitutes the explosion. The li beration of heat with insufficient rapidity will not cause an explosion. For example,  although a unit mass of coal yields five times as much heat as a unit mass of nitroglycerin, the coal cannot be used as an explosive because the rate at which it yields this heat is quite slow. In fact, a substance which burns less rapidly (i.e. slowcombustion) may actually evolve more total heat than an explosive which detonates rapidly (i.e. fast combustion).In the former, slow combustion converts more of the internal energy (i.e.chemical potential) of the burning substance into heat released to the surroundings, while in the latter, fast combustion (i.e. detonation) instead converts more internal energy into work on the surroundings (i.e. less internal energy converted into heat); c.f. heat and work (thermodynamics) are equivalent forms of energy. See Heat of Combustion for a more thorough treatment of this topic. When a chemical compound is formed from its constituents, heat may either be ab sorbed or released. The quantity of heat absorbed or given off during transformation is called the heat of formation.Heats of formations for solids and gases found in explosive reactions have been determined for a temperature of 25  °C and atmospheric pressure, and are normally given in units of kilojoules per gram-molecule. A negative value indicates that heat is absorbed during the formation of the compound from its elements; such a reaction is called an endothermic reaction. In explosive technology only materials that are exothermic—that have a net liberation of heat—are of interest. Reaction heat is measured under conditions either of constant pressure or constant volume. It is this heat of reaction that may be properly expressed as the â€Å"heat of explosion.†Initiation of reactionA chemical explosive is a compound or mixture which, upon the application of heat or shock, decomposes or rearranges with extreme rapidity, yielding much gas and heat. Many sub stances not ordinarily classed as explosives may do one, or even two, of these things. A reaction must be capable of being initiated by the application of shock, heat, or a catalyst (in the case of some explosive chemical reactions) to a small portion of the mass of the explosive material. A material in which the first three factors exist cannot be accepted as an explosive unless the reaction can be made to occur when needed.FragmentationFragmentation is the accumulation and projection of particles as the result of a high explosives detonation. Fragments could be part of a structure such as a magazine. High velocity, low angle fragments can travel hundreds or thousands of feet with enough energy to initiate other surrounding high explosive items, injure or kill personnel and damage vehicles or structures. Notable explosions Save Girl Child NuclearMain articles: Nuclear explosion and Effects of nuclear explosions In addition to stellar nuclear explosions, a man-made nuclear weapon is a type of explosive weapon that derives its destructive force from nuclear fission or from a combination of fission and fusion. As a result, even a nuclear weapon with a small yield is significantly more powerful than the largest conventional explosives available, with a single weapon capable of completely destroying an entire city. Properties of explosionsForceExplosive force is released in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the explosive. If the surface is cut or shaped, the explosive forces can be focused to produce a greater local effect; this is known as a shaped charge.VelocityThis article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. Pleasehelp improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (May 2013) The speed of the reaction is what distinguishes the ex plosive reaction from an ordinary combustion reaction . Unless the reaction occurs rapidly, the thermally expanded gases will be dissipated in the medium, and there will be no explosion. Again, consider a wood or coal fire. As the fire burns, there is the evolution of heat and the formation of gases, but neither is liberated rapidly enough to cause an explosion. This can be likened to the difference between the energy discharge of a battery, which is slow, and that of a flash capacitor like that in a camera flash, which releases its energy all at once.Evolution of heatThe generation of heat in large quantities accompanies most explosive chemical reactions. The exceptions are called entropic explosives and include organic peroxides such as acetone peroxide[2] It is the rapid liberation of heat that causes the gaseous products of most explosive reactions to expand and generate high pressures. This rapid generation of high pressures of the released gas constitutes the explosion. The li beration of heat with insufficient rapidity will not cause an explosion. For example, although a unit mass of coal yields five times as much heat as a unit mass of nitroglycerin, the coal cannot be used as an explosive because the rate at which it yields this heat is quite slow.In fact, a substance which burns less rapidly (i.e. slowcombustion) may actually evolve more total heat than an explosive which detonates rapidly (i.e. fast combustion). In the former, slow combustion converts more of the internal energy (i.e.chemical potential) of the burning substance into heat released to the surroundings, while in the latter, fast combustion (i.e. detonation) instead converts more internal energy into work on the surroundings (i.e. less internal energy converted into heat); c.f. heat and work (thermodynamics) are equivalent forms of energy. See Heat of Combustion for a more thorough treatment of this topic. When a chemical compound is formed from its constituents, heat may either be absor bed or released.The quantity of heat absorbed or given off during transformation is called the heat of formation. Heats of formations for solids and gases found in explosive reactions have been determined for a temperature of 25  °C and atmospheric pressure, and are normally given in units of kilojoules per gram-molecule. A negative value indicates that heat is absorbed during the formation of the compound from its elements; such a reaction is called an endothermic reaction. In explosive technology only materials that are exothermic—that have a net liberation of heat—are of interest. Reaction heat is measured under conditions either of constant pressure or constant volume. It is this heat of reaction that may be properly expressed as the â€Å"heat of explosion.† Initiation of reactionA chemical explosive is a compound or mixture which, upon the application of heat or shock, decomposes or rearranges with extreme rapidity, yielding much gas and heat. Many subst ances not ordinarily classed as explosives may do one, or even two, of these things. A reaction must be capable of being initiated by the application of shock, heat, or a catalyst (in the case of some explosive chemical reactions) to a small portion of the mass of the explosive material. A material in which the first three factors exist cannot be accepted as an explosive unless the reaction can be made to occur when needed.FragmentationFragmentation is the accumulation and projection of particles as the result of a high explosives detonation. Fragments could be part of a structure such as a magazine. High velocity, low angle fragments can travel hundreds or thousands of feet with enough energy to initiate other surrounding high explosive items, injure or kill personnel and damage vehicles or structures.